Tugas Bahasa Inggris Bisnis 2

Tenses Bahasa Inggris

 

BAB I

A. Understanding Tenses

            What is a tense? It is a grammatical category that helps locate a situation in time. The tenses can be present, past or future.
meaning in Indonesian The meaning of tenses is a description or explanation of when an event or action. Events or actions occur in a sentence: it is now - the past - or future. Or change the verb forms according to the time of occurrence of an event and change the time information.
Verb tenses are a core part of the English language. Verb or verb tenses in the formulas. Disni, my work or short Verb V only. So if V + ing the same meaning as Verb + ing, I also I have written as "Ving" just so easy.
Verbs in English there are many forms: V1, V2, V3, Ving.
Verb forms 1 or short my V1, which is the basic verbs, such as: drink, go, write, read, Participate, learn, study, and so forth. There is a verb form of the second, I was often short V2. The verb form 3 O V3. Verbs and ING form or short my Ving. How to use other forms of the verb? There are lessons in each of the English tenses.
Verbs change form
Verbs change form form 1 (V1) to form the second (V2) and form into 3 (V2) there is uniform (no formula) and some are not uniform (no formula). Irregular Verbs (Regular Verb):
That means it has a regularity of form, there is such formula plus "D" or "ED" as: live - lived - lived, play, played, played.
Although there are rules but the rules are still a few changes. List of irregular verbs.
NOT Irregular Verbs (Irregular Verb):
For example, the verb "drink" in a row to form the 1 to 3: Drank-drink-drunk. One another such example: break-broke-broken
Things can Happen now, in the future or in the past. The tenses show the time of an action or state of being as shown by a verb. The verb ending is changed (conjugated) to show what time it is referring to. Time can be split into three periods The Present (what you are doing), The Past (what you did) and The Future (what you are going to do, or hope / plan to do.
The tenses we use to show what time we are talking about are split into the Simple, Continuous and Perfect tenses.

B. What is the interpretation tenses ?

1. Simple Present tense

The Simple Present Tense is the most using tenses, and because most of the discussion will also be longer.
Simple meaning that is simple, while the present is now. So to say that the Simple Present tenses (sentence patterns) used to tell the current time in a simple form. Present is the name other than SHAPE 1.

So whenever you see the word tenses present in any case, it is certain that he used the form 1 - form what? yes verb form, as all the required predicate verb instead, look at the initial posting of this basic grammar.

2. Simple Present Continous Tense

Present Continuous tense in English tenses are used for actions taking place now, the events at the time was talking and the action lasted only for short periods of time. Present Continuous tense is also called the Present Progressive Tense.

3. Simple Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect tense forms in English tenses are used for a simple action that is still ongoing or new sajar quit, but have an influence until the present. Placing an emphasis on results.

4. Simple Present Perfect Continous Tense

Present Perfect Continuous revealed that action has been initiated in the past and still continues. English tenses are also used to tell the story that began in the past and has just finished.

5. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense is used to reveal the events that have occurred at certain times in the past. events can be short or long. Means can also be several events taking place one after one. In general, there are two important facts to remember in this english tenses:
-  Irregular verbs (Irregular Verbs)
-  Negative sentences and questions are not as positive sentence but retain the basic form of              

   the verb

6. Simple Past Continous Tense

Past Continuous Tense reveal past actions in progress. Sometimes actions can also be interrupted by something. forms of English tenses are also called Past Progressive Tense

usage:
1. Ongoing actions
2. sidelines of the ongoing activities [Past Continuous] + When + [Past Simple]
3. ongoing activities at the same time in the past
4. Questions conditional / polite
For example: I was wondering if you could carry my bag.

7. Simple Past Perfect Tense

We use the Past Pefect (simple) tense to indicate an action in the past related to other actions earlier in the past.
Usage:

A. tell an action is completed before another action in the past
2. conditionals (Conditional Sentence) Type III
   - If + Past perfect + subject + verb + III would have
   - If we had known the answer, we would have told you
   - If we already know the answer, we'll have to tell you (in reality we do not know the  

     answer)
3. sentence indirect (reported speech)
    Ann: I have searched all the rooms.
    George: Ann said she had searched all the rooms.
    George: Ann said that she had been looking for all the rooms for more discussion about       

    the reported speech in a variety of tenses here

8. Simple Past Perfect Continous Tense

Past Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that began in the past and continue until another action in the past.
Usage :

A. Duration of action of the past until a certain time point in the past also
2. conditionals (Conditional Sentence) Type III
    If  it had not been raining, we would have played football
3. sentence indirect (reported speech)
   Ann: I was crying
   George: Ann said she had been crying
   George: Ann said that she had been crying

9. Simple Future Tense

 

Simple Future is the most common, used in many situations such as when making         

     appointments, predictions or plans. Future Tense is also called the Present Tense Future
     Simple Future Tense is divided into two forms, namely "Will / shall" and "going to" but have    

     different uses.

10. Simple Future Continous Tense

Future Continuous tense is generally used to indicate that we will be in the midst of an event within a certain time in the future. Future Continuous also known as Future Present Continuous.
Future Continuous also have two forms of "will" and "going to" have the same meaning and interchangeable when used. In contrast to the use of the simple future tense.

11. Simple Future Perfect Tense

We use the Future Perfect tenses english to declare events that will be completed in the future that has already begun in the past. Future Perfect Future Perfect also called Present Tense or Future Perfect Simple Tense.

12. Simple Future Perfect Continous Tense

We use the Future Perfect Continuous tenses english to tell the events that will take place at a certain time in the future. Future Perfect Continuous Tense is also called the Present Continuous or Future Perfect Future Perfect Progressive.

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Future Simple Past Tense is used to reveal the events that will happen in the past (not present, the opposite of the simple future tense).

14. Simple Past Future Continous Tense

We use the Future Continuous or Past Past Progressive Future tense english to tell an action that will be happening in the past (for that is happening in the present so-called Continuous Future Tense)

15. Simpe Past Future Perfect Tense

Pefect Future Past Tense is used to express action that will be done in the past (please compare the difference with the Future Perfect Tense

16. Simple Past Future Continnous Tense

English past tense is used to reveal the events that would have been going on in the past. Past perfect continuous tense future has much in common with the future perfect continuous tense.

BAB II

1. Simple Present Tense

verbal
(+) Subject+Verb 1 (s/es)+Object
(-) Subject+do/does not+V1
(?) Do/does+Subject+V1

 nominal
(+) Subject+to be+noun, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+noun, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+Subject+noun, adjective, adverb

2. Simple Present Continous Tense

Sentence Pattern :

(+) Subject+to be (is/am/are)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+to be+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) To be+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

3. Simple Present Perfect Tense

Sentence Pattern :

 (+) Subject+have/has+been/Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+Subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

4. Simple Present Perfect Continous Tense

Bentuk Verbal :

(+) Subject+have/has+been+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+have/has+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Have/has+been+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

5. Simple Past Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+Verb-2+ object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+did not+V-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Did+Subject+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb

6. Simple Past Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+be (was/were)+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+was/were+not+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Was/were+Subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

7. Simple Past Perfect Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+had+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+had+not+been/V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Had+subject+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

8. Simple Past Perfect Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+had+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+had+not+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Had+subject+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

9. Simple Future Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+will/shall+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be/Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+be/V-1+object, adjective, adverb

10. Simple Future Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+will/shall+be+Verb-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+be+Verb-1+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+be+V-1+object, adjective, adverb

11. Simple Future Perfect Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+Verb-3+object, adjective, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+V-3+object, adjective, adverb

12. Simple Future Perfect Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+will/shall+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb
(-) Subject+will/shall+not+have+been+Verb-ing+object, adj, adverb
(?) Will/shall+Subject+have+been+V-ing+object, adjective, adverb

13. Simple Past Future Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+should/would+Verb-1
(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1
(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

14. Simple Past Future Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+should/would+be+Verb-ing
(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1
(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

15. Simple Past Future Perfect Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+should/would+have+Verb-3
(-) Subject+should/would+not+V-1
(?) Would/should+Subject+V-1

16. Simple Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

Pola Kalimat :

(+) Subject+should/would+have+been+Verb-ing
(-) Subject+should/would+not+have+been+Verb-ing+Object
(?) Would/should+Subject+have+been+Verb-ing+object





BAB III
Contoh Tenses

1. Simple Present Tense

1.1 Used to declare an act done repeatedly.

·         Mrs. Anna sometimes teaches English in the afternoon

·         We are not usually busy on Sunday morning

1.2 In use for a general truth.

·         The sun rises in the east and sets in the west

1.3 Used in clause (if clause) on conditionals (conditionals sentence) type I, while the main   

      clause (main clause) form present future tense.

·         She will not come here, if you do not invite her

2. Simple Past Tense

2.1 Used to indicate an event or action that occurred in the past
      and at the time kejadianya clearly mentioned.

·         They were not here yesterday

·         She went to malang a week ago

2.1 Used for acts committed as a habit in the past.

·         My brother never drank milk five years ago

2.3 Used as if clause (clause) in type II conditional sentence, while
       play clause (main clause) is in the past future tense.

·         I would tell you if I knew it

3.  Simple Present Perfect Tense

3.1 Used to declare an event that just happened.

·         She has just finished her homework

3.2 Used to express the events that preceded the past and continues until now.

·         Mr. Edward has lived in California since 1987

3.3 Used to declare an event occurring or done in the past
       but it has a result that can be seen now.

·         He has washed the car, it looks clean now

4. Simple Present Continous Tense

4.1 Used to express the ongoing events.

·         My brothers are watching television now

·         The children are studying their homework at the moment

4.2 Used to declare a plan that is certain to be made ​​within close.

·         We are visiting him tonight

4.3 Used to declare an event that was done in the present or takes place at the time of  

      speaking.

·         Mr. David is writing a novel

·         My mother is cooking in the kitchen

5. Simple Present Future Tense

5.1 Used to declare an event that will happen or be done specific time when the future.

·         Our uncle will visit us next Sunday

5.2 Used as the main clause (main clause) in conditionals (conditional sentence) type I, while

      the children the sentence (if clause) is in simple present tense form

·         They will come here, if you invite them

·         If you come late, we will go there without you

5.3  In the form of questions will be used to express some kind of thing,
       such invitation (the invitation), request (request) and also offer (supply)

·         Will you come to my house tonight ?

·         Will you please post the letter for me ?

·         Will you have some more coffe ?

6.  Simple Past Continous Tense

6.1 Used to denote the events of the past

·         They were discussing something for hours

6.2 Used to denote the two events occurred sequentially in the past.

·         When I was studying, someone knocked at the door

6.3 In the past continuous tense form of the question implies a thing or idea
       more subtle or polite.

·         What were you doing before you come here ?

 7. Simple Futre Continous Tense

7.1 Used to declare an event that will take place at a certain time in
       the future.

·         We shall be waiting for him after dinner time tonight

 7.2 Used to declare an event that will be done or will occur in the future, but the act was not a   

       planned thing

·         She will be helping Anna tomorrow

7.3 Used in a sentence Tanya replace with the intention to present future The question is more

      polite.

·         When will your brother be visitng us again

8. Simple Present Perfect Continous Tense

8.1 Used to declare an event that started in the past and continue continues to this day.

·         We have been waiting for him for two hours

·         My uncle has been living in Bandung since 1980

8.2 Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa  yang diawali di masa lampau dan baru saja

      selesai pada saat bicara.

·         Oh, here is my key ! I have been looking for it all day

9. Simple Past Perfect Tense

9.1 Used as equivalent to the present prefect tense in the past tense.

·         I am not hungry, I have just had lunch

9.2 Used as a clause (if clause) in conditionals type III, while the main clause (main clause) is

      in the past perfect future tense.

·         They would have come here if he hadn’t forgotten to invite them last Sunday

9.3 Used to replace the simple past tense is used when the show for past events or actions that

      occur within a certain period

·         As a young man had been a soldier and he liked talking about those day

10. Simple Past Perfect Continous Tense

10.1 Used to express action that has been ongoing for some time.

·         We had been studying the home work for an hour when they came.

10.2 Used to declare an event that starts and stops in the past or continues to this day.

·         I have been waiting here for an hour when my friend s finally appeard

10.3 Used to replace direct sentences in present perfect sentences
         be continuous and past continuous sentence indirectly.

·         He had been studying at seven the previous night

·         He had been waiting for me since 3 o’clock

11. Simple Present Future Perfect Tense

11.1 Used to express the events that would have occurred or have been completed
         conducted at a time when certain in the days to come.

·         Everyone will have been here by tomorrow morning

·         We shall have got home by the dinner time

11.2 Used to express the events that would have occurred or have been completed
         conducted at a time when certain in the days to come.

·         I shall have gone to bed by the time my parents come home

11.3 Used to declare an event that already took place in the before.

·         He will have finished reading the novel by the end of this month

12. Simple Present Future Perfect Continous Tense

12.1 Used to declare an event taking place at a certain time in the future.

·         We will have been attending the English course here

12.2 Used to declare an event in progress for several while at a certain time in the future.

·         We shall have been studying for two hours before our father comes from the office

·          She will have been sleping for some hours by the time we get home

13. Simple Past Future Tense

13.1 Used to declare an event that is done because certain ingredients.

·         I would call you at the time but I forgot your phone number.

13.2 Should be used to declare a thing to do or should not be done.

·         You should not go to school if you are still sick

13.3 Should be used for conditional sentences type I

·         If should see bill tomorrow, will you tell him to call me ?

14. Simple Past Future Continous Tense

14.1 Used as a form of past present future continuous tense to express ongoing events.

·         He would be reading the novel from seven to ten last night

·         My mother would be preparing breakfast at this your yesterday morning

14.2 Used to declare an act that should not happen or performed in the present.

·         They shouldn’t be sitting here chatting. They should be attending the math class now.

15. Simple Past Future Perfect Tense

15.1 Used to declare an event that has happened or been done in the past.

·         He would have built the house by july last year

15.2 Used to declare an event that has occurred or has been committed or when there are other

             events in the future in the past 

·         My sister would have got some children by the time I finished my study in the junior high school five years ago

15.3 Used as a conditional sentence type III

·         She would have come here if you hadn’t forgotten to invite her yesterday

16. Simple Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

16.1 Used to express an ongoing event in the past.

·         They would have been waiting for three hours by last Sunday

16.2 Used to express the events that should not be taking place in past

·         I should not have been teaching biology at SMU for 3 years by the end of last year

Referensi :

·         Echols, Jhon M. Shadily Hasan,1976, an English-indonesian dictionary,penerbit:Gramedia, Jakarta

·         Isnaeni, Lucky, 2010, Panduan lengkap 16 tenses, Penerbit: Tangga Pustaka, Jakarta

Posted 16th March by agus priyanto